What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition characterised by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) that an individual feels compelled to perform. These obsessions and compulsions can interfere with daily life, causing distress and anxiety.

While many people may experience occasional intrusive thoughts or feel the urge to complete certain rituals, OCD is marked by the intensity, frequency, and disruption that these symptoms cause. OCD can impact all aspects of life, including work, relationships, and personal well-being.

What Are the Symptoms of OCD?

The symptoms of OCD typically fall into two categories: obsessions and compulsions. Individuals may experience either or both, and these symptoms can vary in severity.

Obsessions (Intrusive Thoughts)

Obsessions are unwanted and distressing thoughts, images, or urges that repeatedly enter the mind. Common examples include:

• Fear of contamination (e.g., germs or dirt)
• Concerns about harm coming to oneself or others
• Doubts about completing tasks or actions correctly
• Excessive need for symmetry or order
• Fear of making mistakes or being responsible for something bad happening

These thoughts can cause significant anxiety or discomfort, leading individuals to feel the need to perform specific behaviours to alleviate the distress.

Compulsions (Repetitive Behaviours or Mental Acts)

Compulsions are repetitive actions or mental rituals performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions or to prevent something bad from happening. Common compulsions include:

• Excessive handwashing, cleaning, or disinfecting
• Checking behaviours (e.g., repeatedly checking that the door is locked or the stove is turned off)
• Counting or repeating phrases
• Arranging or organising items in a specific order
• Mental rituals, such as silently repeating certain words or prayers

The compulsive behaviours are often performed in a way that is disproportionate to the feared event, but the individual feels an intense urge to carry them out in order to reduce anxiety.

Types of OCD

OCD can manifest in various forms, with different themes and types of obsessions and compulsions. Some common types include:

Contamination OCD

• Obsessions involve fears of dirt, germs, or contamination. Compulsions typically involve excessive cleaning, washing, or avoiding certain places or objects.

Harm OCD

• Obsessions include fears of harming oneself or others, either intentionally or accidentally. Compulsions may involve checking or reassurance-seeking.

Intrusive Thoughts OCD

• Individuals with this type of OCD experience disturbing, violent, or taboo thoughts. The compulsions may involve mental rituals or avoidance behaviours.

Checking OCD

• Obsessions include fears of making a mistake or causing harm due to a failure to check things properly. Compulsions include repeatedly checking locks, appliances, or the safety of situations.

How We Can Help

If you or someone you know is struggling with OCD, we are here to help. Our team offers comprehensive assessments and personalised treatment options, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and medication management, to help manage the condition. Contact us today to schedule an assessment and begin your journey towards recovery.